重庆市两区县早产/低出生体重儿影响因素分析

Analysis on influencing factors of premature and low birth weight infants in two counties in Chongqing

目的比较重庆市两区县早产/低出生体重儿(简称早产组)与正常足月儿(简称足月组)母亲孕期膳食营养、孕期保健及生活方式,为降低早产/低出生体重儿的出生率提供科学依据。方法利用对460名早产/低出生体重儿和460名足月儿问卷调查资料的分析,应用χ2检验和方差分析比较早产组与足月组母亲的孕期营养、产前检查和生活方式,为降低早产/低出生体重儿的出生率提供科学依据。结果早产组母亲孕期叶酸服用比例,孕期每天进食动物性食物、奶及奶制品、水果的比例和频率,进食动物性食物的平均量都低于足月组,差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组母亲在孕期是否服用钙片、多种维生素,主食量,每周进食蔬菜、蛋类、豆及豆制品的进食频率上,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。早产组母亲产前检查的次数、在区县级医院进行产检的比例、分娩前体重均低于足月组,分娩时白细胞总数高于足月组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。比较两组不同级别医院产检、被动吸烟、性生活、使用电热毯、孕期简单的体力活动等情况,以及分娩时中性粒细胞数,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论早产组母亲孕期膳食营养较足月组的差,孕期保健也不规范。建议孕母注意膳食营养,进行规范的孕期保健,减少早产和低出生体重儿的发生。

Objective To examine and compare dietary nutrients status, prenatal care,life style of mother of preterm / low birth weight （I.BW） infants （preterm group） and full term infants （full term group） in two counties in Chongqing. Methods Interviews were conducted among the mother of 460 preterm/LBW infants and 460 full term infants by trained in terviewers using questionnaires about maternal nutition, prenatal care and life style. Chi square and analysis of variance （ANOVA） test were employed to test between-group differences in demographic characteristics,maternal nutition, prenatal care and life style Results The proportions of mother during pregnacy taking folate,the proportion and and frequency ofmother eating animal foods, milk and dairy products, fruits, and eating average amouts of animal foods for preterm/LBW group were all lower than the full term group. Such differences were statistically significant. The differences of mother during pregnancy taking calcium,vitamins for two groups were not statistically significant. While the differences of mother during pregnancy taking the amount of staples, the frequency of vegetables, eggs, beans and soy products weekly were not statis tically significant. The frequency of prenatal care, the proportion of prenatal care in second-class medical institution, the weight of mother before delivery for preterm group were all lower than the full term group,WBC at childbirth for preterm group was higher than the full term group. Such differences were all statistically significant. No significant differences were observed in the proportions who took prenatal care in different levels of hospitals,who passived smoking ,who with prenatal intercourse,who used electric blanket,who physical activity,and neutrocyte at childbirth. Conclusions The status of ma ternal nutition in pregnancy for preterm group is worse than the full term group,and the frequence of antenatal care for pre term group is less than the full term group. It is necessary to suggest for strengthing maternal nutition in pregnancy and maintaining regular antenatal examination for the decrease of reducing preterm/low birth weight infants.