应答器传输系统的电磁耦合机理及工程安装优化研究

Research on Electromagnetic Coupling Mechanism and Mounting Parameter Optimization of Balise Transmission System

应答器传输系统是一种基于电磁耦合机理的自动识别系统,目前已广泛应用于国内外的高速铁路及城市轨道交通系统。为了解决应答器传输系统在工程应用中存在的问题(如安装模式优化、系统可靠性等),有必要对该系统的电磁耦合机理做深入的研究,探究其蕴含磁现象的物理本质。本文深入分析了车载天线与地面应答器之间能量和数据的传输过程,建立了应答器I/O特性、射频磁场分布、信号辐射模式等理论模型,给出了计算应答器作用距离的一般步骤;并在此基础上,研究了地面应答器横向、纵向2种安装模式的本质差异,评估了2种安装模式对不同安装高度、横向偏移的适应性,给出了2种安装模式的优化参数。实测数据与理论分析相符,表明该理论分析方法能够有效地分析应答器系统的物理本质,对于应答器系统的优化、工程安装模式的选择具有一定的指导意义。

The Balise Transmission System（BTS） is an automatic identification system based on the electromagnetic coupling mechanism,which has been widely used in domestic and overseas high-speed railways and urban rail traffic system.To solve the problems in engineering applications of BTS（such as mounting mode optimization,system reliability,etc.）,it is necessary to do in-depth research on the electromagnetic coupling mechanism of BTS and to explore its inherent physical essence of magnetic phenomena.In this paper,the transmission processes of energy and data between the Balise Transmission Module（BTM） antenna and ground Balise were analyzed.The theoretical models of Balise I/O feature,radiofrequency magnetic distribution and signal radiation pattern were established.The calculation steps for effective Baslie distances were given.On these bases,essential differences between transversal mounting and longitudinal mounting of Balises were researched.The adaptability of two mounting modes for different mounting heights and lateral offsets were evaluated.And then the optimization parameters for the two mounting modes were given.Test results agree well with the theoretical analyses,thus indicating the theoretical method is effective for analyzing the physical nature of BTS and has certain directing significances to system optimization and mounting mode selection of BTSs.