桂林喀斯特世界自然遗产提名地珍稀濒危和特有生物物种多样性及保护

Species diversity of rare and endangered species and endemic species and conservation of Guilin Karst World Heritage Nominated Property

珍稀濒危和特有物种是地区生物物种的重要组成,研究珍稀濒危和特有物种的多样性对生物保护和良好生态环境的维护有重要意义。本文在对桂林喀斯特世界自然遗产提名地生物物种调查的基础上,对提名地内的珍稀濒危和特有生物物种及其受威胁级别情况进行了统计,并从种群、群落和生境3个层面对珍稀濒危和特有物种的保护提出了建议。结果表明,在167.5hm2范围内共有高等植物754种,脊椎动物525种;列入IUCN红色名录443种、濒危野生动植物国际贸易公约67种、中国物种红色名录145种、中国国家重点保护野生动植物55种,并包括部分古老孑遗植物,珍稀濒危生物多样性较高;此外提名地还拥有87种特有种,是动植物特有种的重要资源地。在珍稀濒危和特有物种多样性的保护上,应根据提名地的珍稀濒危物受威胁级别,有计划地开展种群调查和生境分析,确定不同级别珍稀濒危物种的最小生存种群和最小动态区,并采取就地保护或迁地保护的措施,以促进小种群的发展;加强顶级群落的保护和监测研究,实施封山育林和群落恢复工程,促进群落的正向演替;划定珍稀濒危和特有种群和群落保护范围,建立自然保护区,维护其生存繁衍所必需生境量;此外着重加强对野生兰科植物的研究及生存空间保护,加强洞穴、峰林、峭壁等独特生境的保护。

Rare and endangered species,and endemic species are important to regional biological species com-position.Rare and endangered species,and endemic species biodiversity research is very significant for bio-logical conservation and maintaining the ecological environment.The rare and endangered species,and en-demic species of Guilin Karst World Natural Heritage nominated area are statistical analysis based on species investigation.Conservation suggestions of rare and endangered species,endemic species are proposed in 3 levels：population,community and habitat.The results of species diversity investigation suggest that：754 species of high plants and 525 species of vertebrate animals have been found in 16 750 ha area.Including 443 species in IUCN Species Red List,6 7 species in the Conventional International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora （CITES）,and 145 species in China Species Red List,and 55 species listed as China national key protected wild plants and animals.There are some relic plants,rare and endangered species with high diversity.There are 87 endemic species,which are important endemic species source.For biodiversity conservation of rare and endangered species and endemic species,population investigation and habitat analy-sis should be done based on level of threat of rare and endangered species.The minimum viable population and minimum dynamic area of rare and endangered species should be determined.In situ conservation or ex situ conservation is used for developing minimum viable population.Climax community conservation and monitoring research are enhanced as well as close hillsides to facilitate afforestation and community restora-tion proj ect are carried on.Nature protection area is established for maintaining species survival and multiply essential habitat.Furthermore,wild orchid research and living space conservation should be enhanced as well as unique habitat conservation for cave,peak forest,cliff .