中国地表水流域水环境风险分区方案研究

Study on Environmental Risk Zoning Plan of Surface Water of China

基于压力-状态-响应模型,利用全国2006—2010年的省级污染物排放数据和生态环境本底矢量数据,构建了以污染风险、容量风险和环境风险敏感度为一级指标项的流域水环境风险分区指标体系。采用层次分析法和等比分级法分别对污染风险和容量风险的二级指标进行了计算,利用GIS对全国环境风险敏感度进行了空间运算,最后系统地分析了我国地表水水环境风险度的分布情况,并依据风险度进行了分区。结果表明,风险从东北向西南呈递减趋势,风险程度从高到低的顺序为东北-东部-南部-西北-西部。该分区方法的结果亦与各地的经济开发程度有较好的相关性。

Based on the pressure - state - response model, using the pollutant emission data and the ecological environment background vector data obtained from research done on a provincial level between 2006 and 2010; we built the basin risk zoning index system in which pollution risk, capacity risk and environmental risk sensitivity are the first class indexes. By means of analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and geometric classification method respectively, we calculated based on the secondary indexes of pollution risk and capacity risk, and conducted spatial opemtiom on the national environmental risk sensitivity by using vector multiplication and addition of GIS. Finally, we analyzed the surface water environmental risk de- gree distribution situation of our country systematically according to the risk degree. The result shows that the risk has a de- creasing trend from the northeast to southwest, and the risk degree from high to low as follows： Northeast- East- South- Northwest- West. The result of the zoning also has a good correlation with the worldwide economic development.