低影响开发(LID)生物滞留技术研究进展

Advance in the Study on Bioretention Technology for Low-impact Development

随着我国城市化进程的加快,由城市下垫面改变和降水径流引发的环境问题日益严重,作为低影响开发措施之一,生物滞留技术对于消纳、净化降水径流具有重要作用。通过对国内外生物滞留技术研究动态的全面分析,重点阐述了生物滞留系统的构成要素、生物滞留技术对径流水质净化效果和水量的调控效果及其水质水量模拟模型研究状况;从生物滞留技术的净化机理、效能、影响因素、模拟模型、设计等方面,探讨了该技术目前研究存在的不足;并对该技术未来研究方向,如生物滞留系统对N、P去除的提效技术、生物滞留技术本土化应用机理、生物滞留技术的设计方法、生物滞留系统的堵塞机理及防堵关键技术等方面进行了展望,为该技术的完善、我国生态城市建设和城市水环境改善提供借鉴和参考。

With the acceleration of urbanization process in China, the environmental issues initiated by urban sur- face change and precipitation runoff is increasingly serious. Bioretention technology, as one of the low-impact de- velopment measures, plays an important role on detaining, absorbing and purifying rainfall runoff. In this paper, the research trends of bioretention technology at home and abroad were comprehensively analyzed. The emphasis was to focus on the composition elements of bioretention system, runoff purification effect of bioretention system, hydrologic performance of bioretention system, and simulation models of water quality and water volume of bioreten- tion system. The deficiency of present research on bioretention technology including purification mechanism, performance, affecting factors, simulation models, design and other aspects was discussed. The future research directions of bioretention technology, such as enhancing the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus, local appli- cation mechanism, design method, clogging mechanism and key anti-blocking technology, were also prospected so as to provide the references for the eco-city construction and urban water environment improvement in China.