深水固井作业井喷事故的蝴蝶结模型

Bowknot Model for Blowout Accident in Deepwater Cementing Operation

由于浅层水和浅层气等高压流体预测的困难性和危害性,深水固井作业过程中面临很多的难题。以往人们总是关注钻进过程中的井喷事件的防控,但2010年英国石油公司(bp)"深水地平线"钻探平台发生爆炸事故改变了人们的看法,固井作业质量差同样会导致井喷。对井喷处理措施的不当,不仅会造成井毁人亡的恶性事故,同时大量溢油入海更会严重破环海洋环境,造成严重的生态灾难。以bp事故报告为依据,将事故树分析与事件树分析相结合,对深水固井作业溢流的原因、井涌监测失败的原因和井喷的后果进行了详细分析,分别建立了深水固井作业溢流和溢流井涌监测失效的故障树。并结合井喷事件树建立了固井作业井喷事故的蝴蝶结模型。该模型为深水固井作业过程井喷事故的防控提供了一定的依据和参考。

Due to the harmfulness high pressure fluid such as shallow groundwater, shallow gas, etc. and the difficulties faced in pre- dicting them, a lot of problems will occur in deepwater cementing process. People are always concerned about the prevention and control of blowout events in the drilling process, but the explosion of British Petroleum Company＇s drilling platfolln named Deepwater Horizon in 2010 changed people＇s view, the poor quality of cementing operation also causes blowout. Improper treatment measures for blowout not only cause malignant accident, but also a lot of oil spilling into the sea would seriously disrupt the marine environment to cause serious ecological disaster. Based on British Petroleum Company＇s accident report, the causes of the overflow in deepwater ce- menting operation, the reasons for welD-kick monitoring failure and the consequences of blowout are analyzed by combining the fault tree analysis with event tree analysis, and the fault trees for the overflow in cementing operations and for well-kick monitoring failure are established. Finally, Bowknot model for blowout accident in deepwater cementing operation is established based on blowout event tree, and it can provide the basis and reference for the prevention and control of blowout events in the cementing operation.