地球关键带:地质环境研究的新框架

Earth's critical zone: a holistic framework for geo-environmental researches

当今经济社会所面临的资源、环境和生态问题相互关联、相互耦合,迫切需要打破传统的学科界限,搭建一个新的技术框架,进行跨学科、多领域系统研究。地球关键带将与经济社会最密切的近地表环境作为独立的开放系统,为这种需求提供了一个完整的系统框架。本文在界定地球关键带内涵与特征的基础上,分析了关键带科学研究的DPSIR(驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应)体系框架和3M(填图-监测-建模)循环体系框架,从填图、监测、建模三个方面总结了关键带研究进展。通过将地质学、水文学、土壤学、生态学等学科进行融合,关键带科学为气候变化、生态管护、水资源安全、自然灾害防治等重大问题的解决展示了一种新的图景。在此基础上,提出了对我国地质调查工作的建议:将地球关键带作为重点靶区开展基础地质和水工环地质综合调查,建立三维地质框架;选择基础条件较好的小流域建设关键带观测站,为地质学与其他学科的融合搭建一个开放平台。

Major resource,environmental and ecological issues faced in the current economic society form a web of linked dependencies among environments,societies and economies. A new approach is needed to erase boundaries of traditional disciplines and facilitate the integration of more academic disciplines. The earth＇s critical zone near the surface environment that supports almost all human activity, provides a holistic framework for this kind of approaches. This paper introduces the definitions and characteristics of the earth＇s critical zone, analyzes two research lines of Driver-Pressure-Status-Influence-Response framework and Mapping-Monitoring-Modeling framework,and reviews the progress in the critical zone science of recent years. Critical zone science in the crossing disciplines such as geology,hydrology,pedology,ecology,etc.,will advance our ability to address critical societal issues such as global changes,ecological management,water security,and natural hazard prevention. This paper put forward several suggestions for geological survey in China,to enhance basic geological survey and hydrogeological,engineering geological and environmental geological survey of the critical zone to develop 3-D geological framework models,to build critical zone observatories at typical small catchments to provide a platform for coupling of geology and other disciplines.