北京大学燕园鸟类组成

Community Structure of Birds at Yanyuan,Peking University

2003—2012年,在北京大学燕园校区进行鸟类调查446次。其中2010—2012年,春季、秋季每周平均两次,夏季、冬季每周平均一次,总计234次,468小时。共记录鸟类178种,隶属14目37科102属,其中留鸟24种,旅鸟117种,夏候鸟24种,冬候鸟19种,迷鸟1种。其中有国家I级重点保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类20种,水鸟28种。燕园各区域中,静园鸟种最少,仅记录28种。鸣鹤园鸟种最多,记录109种。在鸣鹤园和镜春园,迂回水道与覆盖有天然次生林的土丘交错,有73种鸟仅记录于上述地点。燕园各区域的次生林和人工绿地比例是影响鸟类多寡的关键因素。

From 2003 to 2012, 446 times of survey had been conducted on community structure of birds at Yanyuan, Peking University. 234 of them, on which 468 hours had been spent from 2010 to 2012, were weekly transact surveys, twice in spring and autumn while once in summer and winter. Up to 178 species, belonging to 102 genera of 37 families of 14 orders, had been recorded. Among them, there are 24 residents, 117 migrants, 24 summer visitors, 19 winter visitors and 1 vagrant. One of them is listed as the 1st class of China National Protected Wildlife, whilst 20 species as the 2nd class. 28 species of waterbirds were recorded. On different sub-regions of Yanyuan, the most species-poor one is Jingyuan, where only 28 species were recorded. The most species-rich one is Mingheyuan, where 109 species were recorded. The mosaic landscape of meandering swamps and mounds covered by semi-natural secondary forest in Mingheyuan and Jingchunyuan accommodates the richest bird community in Yanyuan. 73 species were restricted to these sites. The ratios of secondary forests and greenbelts in each sub-region are chief factors affecting the abundance of bird species.