美国公立学校体育设施开放伤害事故的法律责任研究

On Liability of Injury Accidents in Opening of Public Schools Sport Facilities in America

随着美国公立学校社会开放程度不断增加,体育伤害事故涉及的法律问题逐步成为美国社会普遍关注的问题。采用文献资料法对美国公立学校开放体育设施过程中产生的相应法律责任问题进行了梳理。研究主要结论:美国公立学校开放体育设施中如出现伤害事故通常会依据政府豁免、主权豁免、州立娱乐休闲法规及《普通法》4个方面认定诉讼双方的法律责任,并依据损伤给予赔偿救济;美国相关法律系统的分类为学校体育设施开放伤害事故的法律责任认定提供了明确的法律依据,为美国学校体育设施的开放提供了法律保障。美国学校体育设施开放的法规体系为我国学校体育设施社会开放中法律保障的完善提供了积极的借鉴。

Sports injury accidents have gradually become a general concern of the public with the United States public schools sport facilities being opened in spare time to young people and the citizens. This paper,mainly with the literature material method,analyze the laws and regulations,and combine with the possible risk and corresponding legal responsibility during the opening of public schools sports facilities. The results show that when injury accidents happen during the open of school sports facilities,the liabilities and relief are often judged by such four aspects as government immunity,sovereign immunity, state recreational regulations and common law. The classification of the United States law provides detailed legal ground for the injury accidents in the opening of school sports facilities. The legal regulation system of American school facilities,thus, offers positive reference for China.