晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区主要人工林枯落物水文特性研究

Hydrological features of man-made forest litters in Hilly-gully Loess Region of Western Shanxi

【目的】研究晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区白榆、侧柏、油松3个主要树种人工林林下枯落物的水文特性。【方法】在山西省吕梁地区方山县峪口镇土桥沟流域,以白榆、侧柏、油松3个主要树种人工林为研究对象,在每个林分标准样地内选取3个枯落物样方(30cm×30cm)采集枯落物,进行浸泡试验和烘干试验,分别测定不同林分枯落物的总蓄积量、吸水速率、持水量和失水速率等特性指标。【结果】3个树种人工林枯落物总蓄积量由大到小依次为侧柏林(40.44t/hm2)>油松林(21.33t/hm2)>白榆林(6.82t/hm2),枯落物吸水速率由大到小依次是白榆林>油松林>侧柏林;枯落物最大持水量为白榆林(32.24t/hm2)>侧柏林(30.72t/hm2)>油松林(28.83t/hm2),失水速率由高到低依次为侧柏林>油松林>白榆林。【结论】白榆林林地枯落物在储存水分以及增强林木对水分利用等方面较油松林和侧柏林具有优势,在增加土壤水分、涵养水源、防止水土流失等方面都有很好的生态效应。

[Objective] The study focused on hydrological features of litters in three types of man-made forests,Ulmus pumila, Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, in Hilly-gully Loess Region of Western Shanxi. [Method] Three major species of the river basin in Yukou Station, Fangshan County, Shanxi Province were selected and three litters plots （30 cm×30 cm） were set in each plot. Total volume, water absorption rate, water capacity, and water loss rate of collected litter samples were measured through soaking and drying experiments. [Result] Total litter storages of the three plantations were in an order of Platycladus orientalis （40.44 t/hm2 ）〉Pinus tabulaeformis （21.33 t/hm2 ）〉Ulrnus pumila （6.82 t/hm2 ）. Water absorption rates were Ulmus purnila 〉Pinus tabulaeformis〉Platycladus orientalis. Water capacities were Ulmus pumila （32. 24 t/hm2 ） 〉 Platycladus orientalis （30. 72 t/hm2 ） 〉 Pinus tabulaeformis （28.83 t/hm2 ）and water loss rates were Platycladus orientalis〉Pinus tabulaeformis〉Ulmus pumila. [Conclusion] The litters of Ulmus pumila were better in respective to water storage and capacity of water utilization than Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeforrnis. The litters had good ecological effects to increase soil moisture and water conservation as well as prevent water loss and soil erosion.