对法国物权变动债权意思主义的再思考

Reconsideration of the Intentionalism of Creditor's Rights in Property Rights Alteration in French Civil Law

一般认为,《法国民法典》确立了物权变动的债权意思主义,即当事人间的债权意思引致了物权的变动。但深入研究《法国民法典》后却得出了并非完全一致的结论:所谓的物权变动的债权意思主义,是一定逻辑体系之"前见"下的结论。以权利生效的要件以及权利变动的过程和结果观之,债权意思产生物权变动的效果是荒诞的。"物权意思+公示对抗"应当被确立为物权变动的第四种立法模式。这一认识对于理解我国《物权法》关于物权变动的立法主义选择以及我国未来《民法典》的制定具有意义。

It is generally held that the French Civil Code has established the doctrine of intentionalism of creditor’s rights in property rights alteration, i.e.it is the intention of creditors’ rights between parties concerned that leads to the alteration of property rights .However , based on the thorough study on the French Civil Code, the conclusion tends to be different .In fact, such doctrine is a “foreseen” conclusion conforming to certain logic .With regard to constitutions for rights to take effects as well as the process and result of rights alteration , the doctrine that the intention of creditor ’ s rights can affect property rights alteration is absurd .Rather, the“intention of property rights plus publicity defence” should be specified as the fourth legislative mode for property rights alteration .Such cognition is significant and enlightening for the understanding of choice of jurisprudence for property rights alteration in China ’ s Property Rights Law and the future legislation of the Civil Code of our country .