中国古代法律形式结构研究

Study on the Structure of Legal Forms in Ancient China

中国古代法律形式结构要素的变迁对中国古代法律体系的合理化、形成具有特色的中华法系产生了重要的作用与影响。中国古代成文法的法典化、法律解释的多样化和判例法的非主流化是法律形式变迁的基本特点。三者在不同时期出现过以某种法律形式为中心的发展,但都暴露出各自缺点。明朝至乾隆年间,是三者的综合时期。乾隆朝时形成了以成文法典为纲,可变性较强的条例为主体,及时性、特殊性和准确性为优势的判例制度为补充的法律结构。三者形成了各有分工但又相互制约、相互补充的法律形式结构体系,使中国古代法律体系建设上形式结构完成了合理性、稳定性与可变性的结合。

The evolution of structural elements of legal forms in ancient China has vital impacts on rationality of legal system in ancient China and the formation of Chinese law system with its own characteristics .The evolution of legal forms has three major features such as the codification of Chinese ancient statutes , the diversification of legal interpretations , and the off-mainstream feature of case laws .These three features centered on certain legal form in different phases with their respective weakness .However , such three features integrated and co-existed in Ming Dynasty and Qianlong Emperor of Qing Dynasty .Specifically , during the reign of Qianlong Emperor , the statutory codes are the fundamental legal forms , and the versatile regulations are the main forms complemented by case laws of being prompt , special and accurate .These three legal forms have their respective functions while interactively controlled and supplemented , and such structural system of legal forms have accomplished the integration of rationality , stability and variability of legal system construction in ancient China .