减价实现方式的重思与重构

Reconsideration and Reconstruction of the Exercise of Price Reduction

围绕减价,我国主流解释论认为可由受损害方通过单方意思表示来实现,这主要源自德国法的形成权说,忽视了我国实在法体系与德国法体系的重要差异。在我国,一方面,买卖合同领域的损害赔偿奉行无过错原则,减价难觅特殊的制度功能;另一方面,由于并非奠定在解除权行使条件的基础上,减价权作为形成权来构造也缺少了关键性条件。因此,形成权说不仅逻辑欠妥,而且易使当事人之间利益失衡。在解释论上,应重视当事人之间的合意形成和司法机关的介入作用,宜将买受人主张减价的权利打造为变更合同的请求权。

The prevailing interpretation theory holds that price reduction can be exercised by a unilateral declaration of the intent by the damaged party .This view, which is originated from German law theories of Ge-staltungsrecht , has overlooked the great divergence between Chinese positive law system and German law system.In China, on one hand, damage compensation conforms to the principle of strict liability in sales con-tracts and therefore price reduction cannot play its institutional function .On the other hand , since the right to terminate is not the condition for excising the right of price reduction , such right cannot be constructed as Gestaltungsrecht for lack of key conditions .Thus, the theory of Gestaltungsrecht is not logically sound and may also cause imbalance of interests between contracted parties .In accordance with the interpretation theory , it is suggested to take more consideration of the consent of the contracted parties ’ intention and the interference of judicial departments .Thus the preferable approach is to construct price reduction as a right to claim for modification of the contract .