农村劳动力转移的健康选择机制研究

A Study of Health Selection Mechanism of China's Rural Labor Force Transfer

基于农业部农村固定观测点大规模的跟踪调查数据,本文检验了我国农村劳动力转移的健康选择机制。将滞后一期健康状况作为当期农村劳动力外出打工的初始影响因素,解决了健康与农村劳动力外出打工之间的内生性问题。分离了农村劳动力的前期迁移状态,有效区分了健康对农村劳动力迁移影响的健康移民效应和三文鱼偏误效应。研究发现,健康状况与中国农村劳动力外出打工迁移距离呈现正相关关系,身体健康状况较好的农村居民,外出打工迁移地点相距家乡较远。而对于已经外出打工的农村劳动力,一旦遭受健康冲击,则将发生回流的现象。健康对我国农村劳动力转移的影响,存在显著的健康移民效应和三文鱼偏误效应。

The analysis of the data from the large scale tracking surveys of the fixed observation points in rural area by Ministry of Agriculture of China shows amechanism of Health Selectivity in China＇s of Rural Labor force Transfer. One-year lagged self-reported health status is taken as the initial influence factor on the current-year migration distance of the floating workers to avoid the error cause by the endogenous problem between the health and migration, and the control of the pre-migration status of rural labors helps to separate the health effects on migration and thesalmon bias effect. The empirical study finds that health activate the migration and is positively correlated with the migration distance, the more healthy the rural labors are, the longer distance they migrate. Meanwhile the rural migrants＇ health problems usually make them to returnhometown in the rural. Generally, health conditions have significant HealthSelection Effect and Salmon Bias Effect on migration of the rural laborsin China.