再议民族音乐学的田野工作

Fieldwork in Ethnomusicology

田野工作是民族音乐学研究中的重要组成部分,体现着该学科的本质属性,对此已经成为了一种共识。然而,我们在田野工作中能够得到什么?随着网络化社会的发展,以及地方性知识的普及,未来田野工作的价值所在?如果说在对未曾开垦的音乐"荒地"的研究中,田野工作是必不可缺的步骤,那么,对已经有过接触的"领地"的再研究是否还需要进行重复性的田野工作?如果是,为什么?当然,这些并不是新的问题,我们可以找到很多答案。文章则以知识和体验两个方面来展开对田野工作的讨论,强调在田野中研究者可以获得四种体验,即人与人、人与乐、人与事、人与景四重关系的体验,这些体验不仅对民族音乐学的研究至关重要,而且只能在田野中获得。

Fieldwork is an important attribute in ethnomusicological research. But what can we learn from it？ With the popularization of local knowledge, what is the significance of fieldwork in this web oriented society？ Fieldwork is a necessary step when researching a music area never previously studied, but is it appropriate in areas already covered by some form of investigation. This paper discusses fieldwork process from perspectives of knowledge and experience, while emphasizing four experiential procedures that are all gained through fieldwork and are crucial to ethnomusicological research. They are ： ＂people - to - people＂, ＂people - to - music＂, ＂people - to - work＂, and ＂people - to - environment. ＂