一种利用单片机实现太阳跟踪的设计方法

Achievement of sun-tracking by using single-chip computer

由于单片机对追光系统中太阳高度角和方位角的计算公式计算能力不足等缺点,往往会导致追光系统不够精确和稳定。该设计在处理太阳高度角和方位角时摒弃了单片机直接套用太阳高度角和方位角计算公式的做法,而是利用计算机将某一地点确定月份的太阳高度角与方位角进行计算和统计,得到了其近似拟合函数,单片机可根据此拟合函数进行太阳高度角与方位角的近似计算并进行太阳跟踪,在完成近似跟踪后启动由四象限硅光电池和凸透镜组成的光电跟踪系统,完成对系统的精确调整。该方法的应用解决了单片机对天文算法计算能力不足的缺点,同时实现了对太阳高效、实时、精确的追踪,对实际工程实践有一定的指导意义。

Since the calculating ability of single-chip microcomputer （SCM） for dealing with the calculational formula in the sun-tracking system for computing sun altitude angle and azimuth angle is insufficient,which often leads to inaccuracy and instability of the spotlight system,the calculation and statistics of the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle in a certain month are made by a computer to obtain their approximate fitting functions when the sun altitude angle and azimuth angle need to be calculated,instead of straightly using the sun altitude angle and azimuth angle calculation formula to calculate the sun altitude angle and azimuth. According to the fitting functions,SCM can be used to approximately calculate the sun altitude angle and azi-muth angle,and realize the sun tracking. After fulfilling the approximate tracking,the photoelectric tracking system composed of four quadrant silicon photocell and convex lens is started to complete the precise adjustment of the system. The method over-came the disadvantage of SCM for astronomical algorithm calculation,and at the same time realized the efficient,real-time and accurate tracking to the sun. It has certain guiding significance for the actual engineering application.