马克思人类学笔记中法哲学思想的发展

The Development of Philosophy of Law in the Anthropological Notes of Marx

关于马克思的法哲学思想,多数人倾向于将它解读为统治阶级意志论、国家意志论和物质决定论,而此"三论"非但没有准确理解马克思主义法学对法的本质的理解,而且不利于当代中国的法治建设。试着超越传统的思维定势,以马克思晚年人类学笔记为考察文本,梳理出人类学笔记中马克思法哲学思想的三方面发展:在本体论方面,提出法学的多元观和建构理论,区别于先前的一元观和反映论;在法学方法论方面,采用深度描述的方法,关注动态的法律而非静态的法律,对它们进行解释而非评价;在法学的发展论方面,主张一种融西方法律中的普适性与东方法律的特殊性于一体的复合式发展观。本文的价值在于首次从法哲学层面上解读人类学笔记,希冀能给中国法制现代化以裨益。

Most people are inclined to interpret the thought of philosophy of law of Marx as theories of class instrument,national will,and material determinism.Taking the anthropological notes of Marx in his late years as its investigating version and beyond the traditional thinking stereotype,the author of this article tries to review the development of Law and Philosophy Thought of Marx from three aspects.In terms of the ontology of law,it brings up the pluralism of law and the theory of construction,differentiating from the monism and the theory of reflection.In view of the methodology of law and with deep description,it pays attention to the law in a dynamic but static state,and gives an interpretation but a comment on them.In aspect of the development of law,it advocates a compound view of development that integrates the popularity of universal application in the western law and the particularity in the eastern law.The significance of this article lies in its interpretation of the anthropological notes in dimension of Law and Philosophy,hoping it will be of some help to the modernization of China＇s legal institutions.