雪莱《弗兰肯斯坦》怪物心理研究

A Study of the Monster's Psychology in Shelley's Frankenstein

玛丽·雪莱的作品《弗兰肯斯坦》是公认的世界上第一部真正的科幻小说,其中怪物的异化让人感慨万千。为了更好地挖掘怪物的心理,理解人性的复杂,运用西格蒙德·弗洛伊德关于人心理结构的"三分法"理论来分析怪物,着重追溯其心路历程,即其心理发展所经历的萌芽的超我、疯狂的本我、可怜的自我和绝望的本我四个阶段,指出其最终因超我的无力、本我的强大、自我的失衡而沦为噬血的恶魔;同时,怪物生和死的情形也暗示了其只会是本我的奴隶。

Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley is acknowledged as the first real science fiction in the world,and the alienation of the monster in it is really regretful.In order to explore the monster＇s psychology and understand the complexity of human nature in a better way,this article applies Sigmund Freud＇s ＂Tripartite Theory＂ concerning the human psyche to analyze the monster,mainly tracing the development of his psychology,that is,the four developmental stages of the budding superego,the frenzy id,the pathetic ego and the desperate id,and pointing out his degrading into a blood- thirsty demon due to his powerless superego,powerful id and unbalanced ego; at the same time,the situations of the monster＇s birth and death imply that he can only be the slave of the id.