基于卫星数据的北极海冰变化分析

Analysis on the Variation of Arctic Sea Ice Using Satellite Data

海冰是极地气候系统重要组成部分。基于1982—2004年的卫星反照率、海冰密集度数据,选取了7个北极海域(分别位于格陵兰海、巴伦支海、喀拉海、拉普捷夫海、东西伯利亚海及以北海域、楚科奇海及以北海域和波弗特海及以北海域)进行了研究。对比分析发现,两数据区域平均序列相关性比较高,最低相关系数为0.51,最高相关系数为0.94。格陵兰海海域和巴伦支海海域夏季海表反照率、海冰密集度较低,多为无冰海面;喀拉海域、拉普捷夫海域、东西伯利亚海及以北海域6月份海表反照率、海冰密集度较高,7、8月份海冰加速融化,海冰密集度下降明显;楚科奇海及以北海域、波弗特海及以北海域夏季海表反照率、海冰密集度较高。7个海域海表反照率、海冰密集度均呈现下降趋势,西部的楚科奇海及以北海域、波弗特海及以北海域下降速度最快,巴伦支海海域下降速度最慢。海表反照率和海冰总量的减少,对气候演变有着重要影响。

Sea ice is a vital part of the polar climate system. Based on the 1982-2004 surface albedo and sea ice concentration data from satellite, 7 Arctic sea areas were selected for study at the margin of the Arctic Ocean,which are respectively located in the Greenland Sea, the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea and its northern adjacent area, the Chukchi Sea and its northern adjacent area, and the Beaufort Sea and its northern adjacent area. The comparative analysis shows that the regional average correlation coefficients are high, with the minimum and the maximum being 0.51 and 0.94, respectively. The surface albedo and sea ice concentration in the Greenland Sea and Barents Sea are low in summer when most of the sea surface is open water. In the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea, and the East Siberian Sea and its northern adjacent area, both of the two parameters are high in June, and sea ice concentration decreases remarkably in July and August owing to sea ice melting. In the Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea and their northern adjacent areas, the two parameters are high in summer. The surface albedo and sea ice concentration of all the 7 study areas showed declining trend during 1982-2004. Among these areas, the west of the Arctic Ocean saw the fastest declining speed, including the Chukchi Sea, the Beaufort Sea and their northern adjacent areas; while the slowest decrease appeared in the Barents Sea. The decline of the surface albedo and sea ice concentration has significant impact on climate change.