控释尿素对水稻产量、养分吸收及氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of controlled-release urea on yield, nutrient uptaking and nitrogen use efficiency of rice

采用多点大田试验,研究施用控释尿素对水稻产量及其构成因素、养分吸收和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明：施用控释尿素可显著提高水稻产量,控释尿素处理减量25%氮时,与普通尿素一次性基施相比,增产5.3%～7.8%,与普通尿素分期施用相比,增产2.6%～2.9%；稻谷产量与控释尿素施用量呈二次函数关系,控释尿素处理稻谷产量增加主要由于其显著提高实粒数。养分含量和吸收量结果显示,控释尿素处理水稻地上部氮含量和吸氮量均显著增加；施用控释尿素显著提高了氮肥吸收利用率,增幅为17.1%～34.1%。当目标产量为8.35～8.41t/hm2时,控释尿素的适宜施用量为氮102～128kg/hm2。

Field trials in different locations were carried out to study effects of controlled-release urea（CRU）application on the yield,nutrient uptaking and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of rice.The results showed that the application of CRU significantly increased the yield of rice grain by 5.3%-7.8% comparing with that of the common urea treatment（total as basal）when subtracted 25% N,and increased the yield by 2.6%-2.9%comparing with that of common urea treatment（split application）.The significant quadratic function correlation was found between the rice yield and the application amount of CRU.Increasing the number of filled grains was the main factor that CRU increased the yield of rice.The results also showed that the nitrogen content in the dry matter and N nutrient uptaking of rice were all increased significantly for the treatment CRU.The application of CRU increased the nitrogen use efficiency by 17.1%-34.1% comparing with the common urea.The appropriate N application amount of controlled-release urea for rice was 102-128kg/hm2 under the target yield of 8.35-8.41t/hm2.Controlled-release urea could not only decrease the nitrogen application amount by 14.7%-32.0%,but also reduce the fertilization time for labor saving and high efficiency.