滴灌条件下北疆春小麦耗水特点

Under the Condition of Drip Irrigation Water Consumption Characteristics of Spring Wheat of Northern Xinjiang

通过小麦田间试验所测数据,研究分析北疆滴灌春小麦全生育期内土壤水分状况变化、耗水量、耗水规律及作物系数,结果表明：滴灌春小麦根系吸水主要是0-60 cm处的土壤水,从苗期至分蘖期主要消耗0-40 cm的土壤水分,随植株根系增大、伸长,到拔节期吸水主要以0-60 cm土壤水为主,而80-120 cm土层受根系长度影响,土壤含水率变化幅度不大。在成熟期停止灌溉后,各土层含水率都减小;北疆春小麦生育期内总耗水量为抽穗期〉拔节期〉分蘖期〉苗期〉灌浆期。从苗期至灌浆期叶面积系数从小变大又逐渐减小,作物系数也由小变大,后又由大逐渐变小。

In this paper, change of soil moisture regime, water consumption, water consumption law and crop coefficient of spring wheat were studied and analyzed under drip condition in the whole growth period in north Xinjiang through data measured in field experiment. The results showed that the soil water uptake by spring wheat root under drip irrigation condition was located between the depth of 0 cm and 60 cm. The soil water consumed from seedling to tillering stage is mainly at the depth of 0 to 40 cm. As the growth of plant root, the root water uptake gets increased. During the jointing stage, the absorbed water is mainly between the depth of 0 cm and 60 cm. As the limi- tation of root length, the range of soil water content changed little at the depth of 80 to 120 cm. The soil water contents of every soil layers decreased after stopping irrigation at mature stage. The scheduling of each stage by total water consumption at ascending order for spring wheat in north Xinjiang is heading stage, jointing stage, tillering stage, seedling stage and filling stage. The leaf area index and crop coefficient increased at first, and then decreased gradually from seedling stage to filling stage.