高速列车“通过噪声”的测试分析

Measurement and analysis of high-speed train passing noise

为了评估高速列车运行时对轨道周围环境的噪声污染程度,对高速列车以不同速度工况通过时的车外辐射噪声(称为"通过噪声")进行了测试,得到了以最大A声级和1/3倍频程A声级标志的列车通过噪声的测量数据。分析了通过噪声的频谱特性、及其与列车速度的关系。测试数据表明高速列车通过噪声是宽频噪声,最大A声级在标准规定测试点上的值达到约90 dB,对铁路附近的噪声污染比较大;通过噪声随着列车速度增大而增大,在时速370 km以上增幅变大。

In order to evaluate the wayside noise pollution caused by high-speed train passing,the passing noise of the high-speed train running at different speeds are measured.Maximum A-weighted sound pressure level and A-weighted sound pressure level in 1/3 octave are used as the quantities to indicate the noise level.Data analyses consist of spectral characteristics,relation of noise level with train speed,and decay estimation in terms of distance.It is found from the test result that the high-speed train passing noise is broadband noise.Maximum A-weighted sound pressure level is about 90dB,which creates a lot of noise pollution nearby railway.The noise level increases with the increase of train speed,and the growth rate rises above the speed 370km/h.