忍痛含垢 与敌周旋——七七事变期间的张自忠

General ZHANG Zi-zhong's Behaviours after the July 7 Incident of 1937

七七事变期间,身为第29军所部第38师师长和天津市市长的张自忠究竟有怎样的表现?他的所作所为又有怎样的苦衷,以致他一度蒙受"汉奸"的骂名而无法辩白?时至今日,学术界在谈到这段历史时,仍然无法作出恰当的评价。详考史料可知,张自忠服从军长宋哲元之命,留守平津,与日方周旋。1937年7月8日至10日,他和秦德纯、冯治安共同主持大局,在北平与天津同时交涉。7月9日,秦德纯与日方口头约定同时撤军。此后,张自忠具体负责交涉,并与日方签订了7月11日协定和7月19日"细则"。第29军在所谓不追究事变责任、道歉、"共同防共"等问题上先后作了重大让步,以换取日方撤军。7月底日军发起侵占平津地区战役,张自忠奉令留守北平,一方面力图维持冀察政务委员会,另一方面则掩护第29军撤离。史实表明,七七事变期间张自忠的所作所为,是力争在国家领土不失的前提下维护第29军的地位,这才是他"忍痛含垢,与敌周旋"的良苦用心。

After the July 7 Incident of 1937 when the Japanese military troops launched a sudden attack on the Chinese army at the Northern China, what kind of behaviors did General ZHANG Zi-zhong have who was then commander of the 38th division of the Kuomintang troops and also the mayor of Tianjin？ What kind of pain did he suffer？ Why was he not able to defend himself when accused of traitor of the Country？ The academic circle cannot offer a proper evaluation even today. De- tailed historical records reveal that ZHANG was commanded by SONG Zhe-yuan to defend Beijing and Tianjin by going about with the Japanese troops. In facl ,what he did was to cover the 29th Army＇s withdrawing to keep the military force while try- ing not to loose any territory, which has hence given rise to misunderstandings from which he had to suffer.