装载机后车架大梁焊接顺序优化的数值模拟

Numerical simulation of welding sequence optimization of rear frame girders of loaders

利用热弹塑性有限元法及Marc有限元分析软件对材料Q345装载机后车架大梁焊接变形进行了数值模拟计算,建立了分析模型,定量地描述了上、下盖板和左、右腹板的焊接顺序对焊接变形的影响,找出了整体焊接结构的最佳焊接顺序,对预测的最佳焊接顺序下变形模拟值与实际测量值进行了对比分析。结果表明:两者吻合良好,最优与最差的焊接顺序得到的变形量为1.141 mm和2.324 mm,变形量降低了51%,为实际生产提供了可靠的数值预测依据。

Thermal elastic-plastic finite element method was applied to establish finite element models for the rear frame girders of loaders with the finite element analysis software Marc.To achieve the optimal welding sequence of the whole structures,the effects of welding sequence of cover plates on welding deformation were described quantitatively.The predicted deformation with the optimal sequence was compared with that of experiment,and the results show that both them are consistent.The deformation size with optimal sequence and that with the worst sequence were 1.141 mm and 2.324 mm,respectively,that is to say,the former has been reduced by 51%,which can provide a reliable basis for actual production.