回购契约协调效果的实验室检验和失效原因分析

Experimental Tests of Buyback Contract Coordination and Analysis for its Failure

回购契约的理论研究非常丰富,但是缺少实证研究的检验和反馈。设计控制实验检验回购契约的实际效果,将订购量的决策值与协调基准值进行比较,分析批发价格和回购价格之间的关系,以检验实验室结果与理论预测值的差异;为了找到回购契约协调失效的原因,对订购量、批发价及回购价格的决策过程进行动态分析。研究结果表明,订购量远远低于协调的基准值,批发价格与回购价格的关系偏离理论预测,回购契约协调失效;零售商上一期的订购量和双方的收益差距显著影响供应商的批发价格和回购价格,供应商上一期的批发价格和回购价格以及双方的收益差距显著影响零售商的订购量,因此互惠偏好和地位追求偏好表现明显,导致供应链成员决策偏离理论预测值;互惠偏好和地位追求偏好对渠道成员决策的影响不是简单线性的。

Theoretical researches based on buyback contract are abundant, but there is a need for empirical-theoretical feedback loop. Controlled experiments were designed to study practical results of buyback contract. In order to test the difference between experimental results and predictions, we compared order quantity and coordination benchmark. Besides, the correlation between wholesale price and buyback price was also analyzed. To find the cause of coordination failure, we implemented dynamic analysis for the decision process about above parameters. The results concluded that the order quantity was significantly lower than coordination benchmark. Besides, the correlation between wholesale price and buyback price deviated from theoretical predictions, which means buyback contract failed to coordinate supply chain system. And, the order quantity was significantly affected by supper＇s previous wholesale price, previous buyback price and their profit gap in last period. The preferences of reciprocity and status seeking are significant, which caused decision deviations from theoretical predictions. Besides, the effect of reciprocity and status seeking on members＇ decision is not simply linear.