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“海棠”台风(2005)降水非对称分布特征成因之大气因子研究 被引量:9

STUDY ON THE GENESIS OF ASYMMETRICAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF PRECIPITATION ASSOCIATED WITH TYPHOON HAITANG (2005) FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF ATMOSPHERIC FACTOR
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摘要 利用NCEP/NCARFNL(Final Analysis)资料,通过分析1000~600hPa(低层)、500~100hPa(高层)气柱内水汽条件、垂直上升运动条件及计算非地转干Q矢量及其分解、非绝热加热作用,进一步揭示大气因子对“海棠”台风(2005)降水非对称分布特征形成的贡献。结果表明:(1)台风路径左右两侧低层大气湿度条件相当,而高层大气的湿度则是右侧明显比左侧大。(2)台风路径右侧的高、低层大气中的垂直上升运动的范围、强度均比左侧广、强。(3)台风路径左右两侧的高层大气对垂直上升运动的强迫作用相当,而台风路径右侧低层大气垂直上升运动的范围、强度明显比左侧广、强。均呈现出明显的非对称分布特点。进一步Q矢量分解诊断分析表明,低层大气中尺度天气系统对垂直上升运动的强迫作用比大尺度天气系统的强迫作用大。(4)台风路径左右两侧的高、低层大气中均一直存在非绝热加热作用,且在范围及强度上均呈现出一定的非对称分布特点。高层大气的湿度条件、低层大气对垂直上升运动的强迫作用,尤其是低层大气中尺度天气系统的强迫作用,及高、低层大气中的非绝热加热作用,均呈现出与“海棠”台风(2005)降水场相似的非对称分布特征,表明上述大气因子均有助于降水非对称分布特征的形成。 Based on the NCEP/NCAR FNL (Final Analysis) data, this study reveals the contribution of atmospheric factors to the asymmetric distribution characteristics of precipitation associated with the typhoon, through an analysis of water vapor condition, vertical ascending motion condition, the calculation of the dry Q vector and its decomposition, and adiabatic heating in the air column of 1 000 - 600 hPa (lower atmosphere) and 500- 100 hPa (upper atmosphere). The results are shown as follows. (1) In the lower atmosphere, the humidity on both sides of the typhoon path can be equivalent while it is wetter on the right side than on the left side in the upper atmosphere, which obviously presents asymmetric distribution characteristics. (2) Both the range and intensity of the vertical motion on the right side are wider and stronger than those on the left side whether it is in the lower or upper atmosphere. (3) In the upper atmosphere, the forcing effect of the atmosphere on the vertical ascending motion on the right side of typhoon path is the same as that on the left, while it is significantly different in the lower atmosphere, which is much broader in scope and stronger in intensity, along with obvious asymmetric distribution characteristics. In addition, further analysis of the Q vector decomposition indicates that the forcing effect of mesoscale weather systems on vertical ascending motion is stronger than that of large-scale ones in the lower atmosphere. (4) The adiabatic heating always exists on both the lower and upper atmosphere, and the range and intensity of the adiabatic heating forcing showed asymmetric distribution on both the lower and upper atmosphere. In summary, the upper atmosphere humidity conditions, the forcing effect of lower atmosphere on vertical ascending motion (especially on mesoscale weather systems), and adiabatic heating in the lower atmosphere, all show asymmetric distribution characteristics similar to that of the precipitation field of Typhoon Haitang. That is to say, the atmospheric factors as mentioned above all contributed to the genesis of the asymmetric distribution characteristics of precipitation.
作者 岳彩军 曹钰
出处 《热带气象学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2014年第2期219-228,共10页 Journal of Tropical Meteorology
基金 国家自然科学基金项目(40875025 40875030 40775033 40921160381 41175050) 上海市自然科学基金项目(08ZR1422900) 公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306012)共同资助
关键词 天气学 非对称分布特征 水汽条件 垂直上升运动 Q矢量 非绝热加热 synoptic meteorology asymmetric distribution characteristics water vapor condition vertical upward motion Q vector adiabatic heating
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