寒区战创伤救治研究进展

International research status of war trauma rescue and treatment in cold region

寒区是一种特殊的战场环境,其低温对人体的神经、运动、心血管、血液、呼吸、泌尿等系统以及代谢等均有较大影响,往往会加重原有创伤,如不及时救治或救治措施不当,死亡率极高。低体温是战创伤死亡的独立危险因素,应采取积极的预防措施以降低死亡率。本文总结目前国际上关于寒区战创伤的救治、预防及相关基础研究,分析寒区战创伤救治的国际研究现状,指出目前寒冷环境下战创伤的治疗和预防措施尚不完善,今后应运用分子生物学技术阐明寒冷环境对机体损伤的分子机制,研究与寒冷损伤相关的细胞因子,并进一步探索相应的防治方法。

When an injury occurs in an armed combat in the cold region, low temperature may impact greatly on metabolism and other vital functions, including the nervous, motor, cardiovascular, respiratory, and urinary system, thus low temperature often aggravates existing trauma, leading to a high mortality rate if rapid and appropriate treatment is not provided. Hypothermia is known as an independent risk factor of fatality following combat trauma, therefore, proactive preventive measures are needed to reduce the mortality rate. After summarizing the basic research on battlefield environments and progress in the prevention and treatment of trauma, it is concluded that current treatment and preventive measures for combat trauma in cold regions are inadequate. Future molecular biological studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms and relevant cellular factors underlying body injury caused by cold environment, in order to look for future strategy to prevent and treat war injuries occurring in cold regions.