氰尿酸大鼠泌尿系结石模型建立的实验研究

Establishment of urinary calculus models on rats induced by cyanuric acid

目的:建立氰尿酸Wistar大鼠泌尿系结石模型,为预防和治疗氰尿酸结石提供实验依据。方法:把72只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分成对照组36只和氰尿酸灌胃组36只。其中灌胃组根据不同灌胃剂量又分成A(50mg·kg-1·d-1)、B(100mg·kg-1·d-1)、C(300mg·kg-1·d-1)三个亚组,每亚组各12只。每天所给氰尿酸剂量加入日需1/3饮水中,分两次于每天上午、下午灌胃,其余所需饮水晚上供给;对照组灌胃方法同实验组,但饮水中不加入药物。观察指标:厌食、嗜睡、呕吐、血尿、少尿或无尿。大鼠灌胃过程中出现上述症状中任何一项后采用吸入二氧化碳处死;有一半大鼠达到灌胃结束指标后全部处死,观察大鼠泌尿系结石情况。结果:灌胃第30天,A组2只、B组10只、C组12只大鼠出现厌食、活动减少、血尿等情况,大鼠处死后用福尔马林固定,病理检查见A组1只、B组4只、C组7只大鼠肾小管和集合管的结石样物质,肾小管、集合管扩张、上皮细胞肿胀变性;对照组大鼠未见异常。结论:氰尿酸灌胃Wistar大鼠30天,在大鼠肾脏集合管和肾小管形成结晶样物质,导致肾小管和集合管积水扩张,并且随着摄入量的增加形成结石的速度加快,成功建立了氰尿酸大鼠泌尿系结石模型,对氰尿酸泌尿系结石的预防和治疗提供了实验依据。

Objective： To establish the urolithiasis model in Wistar rat caused by cyanuric acid, and provide ex- perimental basis for the prevention of cyanuric acid calculi in urinary system. Method： 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group （ n = 36）, and cyanuric acid gastric perfusion groups （ n = 36）. The experi- mental group was divided into A（50mg·kg-1·d-1）, B（100 mg·kg-1·d-1）, C（300mg·kg-1·d-1） three subgroups according to different dosage. Methods of administration： The dosage of cyanuric acid was based on the dosage detected in the pet food in 2004 and 2007 pet poisoning. In the experimental groups, cyanuric acid were added into 1/3 daily needed drinking water in the morning and afternoon, the rest was supplied in the evening. The gastric perfusion method of the control group was the same as the experimental groups, but no drugs in wa- ter. Observation index： Anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, hematuria, oliguria or anuria. Killed them by the disloca- tion of spine method when they have any one of the above symptoms. When half of the rats reached the end index, then sacrificed them all, and observe the situation of urinary calculus. Result： In the thirty day, there were 2 rats in group A, 10 in B, 12 in C had anorexia, decreased activity, hematuria, etc. When pathological examination af- ter the rats were killed and fixed by the Faure Marin, stones can be saw in renal tubule and collecting duct in 1 rat in group A, 4 in B, 7 in C. Renal tubule and collecting duet were dilatated, epithelial cell swelling and degeneration; control group rats were normal. Conclusion： After cyanuric acid orally to Wistar rats for 30 days, in the kid- ney collecting duct and renal tubule can saw crystal and further leads to stones, renal tubule and collecting duct expansion of water, and the formation of stone be faster with the increase of intake dosage. The successful establishmerit of the urolithiasis model in rat induced by cyanuric acid provided experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of urinary calculi induced by cyanuric acid.