产后妇女避孕节育干预与效果评价

Evaluation of Contraceptive Intervention among Postpartum Women

目的：评价在上海市静安区产后妇女中进行避孕节育干预对提高产后避孕率并降低产后意外妊娠的效果。方法：对居住在静安区的产后1年内已婚妇女进行避孕服务干预，并于干预前和干预后进行问卷调查。结果：干预后0～3个月、4～6个月、7-9个月和9个月以上各时段避孕率均显著高于干预前，尤其是在有性生活的产后妇女中，产后的前6个月累积避孕率从干预前的58．9％提高到干预后的97．6％。产后1年内意外妊娠发生率为1．4％，意外妊娠主要原因为未避孕和避孕套、安全期避孕失败。结论：产后定期避孕干预能有效提高产后1年内妇女的避孕率，降低产后妇女意外妊娠率。

Objective： To evaluate the effect of contraceptive intervention among postpartum women within one year after childbirth in Jing＇an District. Methods： A total of 978 postpartum women within one year after childbirth were enrolled and received routine home visits every 3 months, providing information on maternal and infant health care and promoting postpartum contraceptive use. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data for effect evaluation before and after intervention. Results： The cumulative 6-month contraceptive rate among postpartum women was 98% after intervention, which was statistically significantly higher than that before intervention （59%）. Moreover, contraceptive rates at 4 6 months, 7- 9 months and 〉9 months were statistically higher after than before intervention. The rate of unintended pregnancy within one year after childbirth was 1.4%, which was much lower than the expected rate （〉10%）. No contraceptive use and failure of condom and period abstinence were the main reasons for unintended pregnancy. Conclusion： Contraceptive intervention measures of this study among postpartum women can significantly increase contraceptive use and thereby decrease risk of unintended pregnancy.