人未成熟卵母细胞培养体系研究进展

Human Immature Oocyte in vitro Maturation: Current Culture System Achievments

未成熟卵母细胞体外培养成熟(in vitro maturation,IVM)是指将GV期或MI期的卵母细胞在体外培养发育到第二次减数分裂中期(MII期),能够正常发育、受精和着床。人未成熟卵母细胞体外培养成熟(in vitro maturation,IVM)技术已有几十年历史,作为治疗不孕症的新手段,为赠卵以及女性生育力保存提供了新途径。近年随着细胞分子生物科学的迅猛发展,IVM取得了很大进展,向IVM培养系统添加促性腺激素、甾体激素、抗氧化剂、减数分裂抑制剂、生长因子、抑制素/激活素等有助于卵母细胞体外成熟。但仍面临卵母细胞成熟率不高、成熟后体外受精率低、妊娠率低的问题,完善IVM培养系统及相关辅助治疗是IVM的关键,如何获得稳定、有较高成功率的培养体系是亟需解决的问题。现对近几年一些较新的研究发现进行总结,主要从基础培养液、添加成分、培养条件的选择等方面予以综述。

In vitro maturation （IVM） technology means the germinal vesicle stage or metaphase 1 stage oocytes cultured in vitro until to the second meiotic metaphase phase （metaphase II stage）, the matured oocytes can be developed, fertilized and implanted normally. IVM of human immature oocyte has a history of decades. It presented a new way to treat infertility and also offered a new option to preserve female fertility and donate oocytes. With the development of cellular and molecular biology in recent years, IVM has made a great progress. The culture conditions supplied with gonadotrophin, steroid hormones, antioxidants, meiosis inhibitors, growth factor, activird inhibin are helpful to the maturation of oocyte. But there are still several problems, such as the low rates of cleavage, fertilization and pregnancy. There are many challenges to develop a complete culture system that would support human oocyte development. The key point is how to get a stable and much better culture system. The review is focused on new discoveries in improving and perfecting IVM culture system, mainly on basal medium, supplement and the selection of culture conditions, etc.