成都市城乡社区吸烟环境及相关知识调查研究

Investigation of Smoking Environment and Its Related Knowledge between Urban and Rural Areas in Chengdu

目的了解成都市城乡社区居民吸烟环境、相关知识的认知及差异。方法2010年12月随机抽样选取城市和农村社区各1个，被选人群中35～70岁常住居民按年龄和性别1：1配对，城乡各30例，男女各15例，共60例。采用问卷调查方式了解被调查者就吸烟环境、相关知识的看法及认知程度。结果成都城乡居民48．3％（29／60）认为家庭室内可以随意吸烟，其中农村为56．7％（17／30）高于城市40．0％（12／30）；仅13．3％（8／60）城乡居民认为室内所有区域应禁止吸烟。城乡居民86．7％～98．3％知晓吸烟可引起心脏病、脑卒中、肺癌；城市居民有16．7％知晓吸烟可引起糖尿病，而农村则无人知晓。城市居民通过大众传媒了解戒烟宣传人数达91．7％，明显高于农村。95．O％城乡居民否认社区有戒烟机构或途径。结论成都市城乡居民对限定吸烟环境认识不足，禁烟法律知识缺乏，烟草广告及戒烟宣传存在城乡差异，需继续加强宣传教育，控制烟草广告，主动提供戒烟途径。

Objective To evaluate the smoking environment, its related knowledge and difference between urban and rural areas in Chengdu. Methods In December 2010, we randomly sampled and investigated 60 dwellers aged from 35 to 70 from urban and rural communities, who were 1：1 paired by the age and sex. Questionnaires survey was used. Results There were 48.3% （29/60） dwellers thought that smoking should be allowed freely at home, of which 30.0% （9/30） rural homes had no rules about smoking prohibited. There were 93.3% （28/30） urban dwellers supported male smoking. About 86.7%-98.3% urban dwellers realized that many diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer may be due to smoking. And 16.7% urban dwellers also realized that cigarettes can result in diabetes mellitus, but none of rural dwellers did. The publicity of smoking cessation among urban dwellers （91.7%） by mass media was better than rural ones （0.0%）. There were 95.0% dwellers denied any institution or organization for smoking control. Conclusions The dwellers were short of cognition about restrictions of smoking environment and non-smoking knowledge. It＇s different between urban and rural area in tobacco advertisement and publicity of smoking cessation. We should continue enhancing public education, forbiding tobacco advertisement and providing institutions for smoking control.