有儿簋释读及相关问题

Inscription on “You'er” Bronze Gui and Related Issues

本文主要讨论河南上蔡郭庄王金鼎1号春秋楚墓出土有儿簋铭文中"洹"字读法及相关问题。簋之时代,从其铭文字体和有关辞例,同出铜器、陶器等看,似以定在春秋晚期前段为宜,而非春秋早期。从文字学的角度来看,目前所见两周金文中"桓"字,或写作"■"、"■",而未见有写作"洹"者。相反,金文和楚简中却有"宣"写作"洹"的例证。因此,将"洹"读作"桓",谓"陈洹公"即"陈桓公",不当,应读为"宣","陈洹公"即"陈宣公"。由此可对洹子孟姜壶"洹"字的读法重新加以审视。以往多读"洹"为"桓",谓"洹子"即《史记·田敬仲完世家》的"田桓子"。据簋铭及清华简《系年》等新出材料来看,壶铭的"洹"应即"宣","洹子"即"宣子",而非传统认为的"桓子"。

This paper focuses on the character ＂洹＂ in the recently published inscription of ＂You＇er＂ bronze gui [有和簋] unearthed from Wangjinding no.1 tomb （Spring and Autumn Period, Chu state） at Guozhuang, Shangcai, Henan province. Judging from the inscription script, its expressions and other bronze vessels and pottery unearthed along with this gui, this gui is dated to the late Spring and Autumn Period. Philologically, in Zhou dynasty bronze inscriptions, ＂桓＂ is usually written as ＂（走亘）＂ or ＂逗＂; but never as ＂洹＂ while ＂宣＂ is written as ＂洹＂ in some bronze inscriptions and Chu state bamboo or wooden slips. Therefore, it is wrong to read ＂洹＂ as ＂huan＂ [桓] and ＂陈洹公＂ as ＂陈桓公＂; ＂洹＂ should be read as ＂xuan＂ [宣] and ＂陈洹公＂ as ＂陈宣公＂. If we look at the bronze hu with the inscription ＂洹子孟姜＂ of which ＂洹子＂ is usually regarded as ＂田桓子＂; who has been recorded in the Shi Ji, then according to ＂You＇er＂ gui and the bamboo slips Ji Nian [系年] in the Tsinghua University collection, ＂洹子＂ should be identified as ＂宣子＂ instead. Li Xueqin may be justified when he argues that this hu should be dated to the early Spring and Autumn Period. In addition, the current author also briefly discusses ＂祰＂ in the inscription ＂以祰眉寿无期＂ on the ＂You＇er＂ gui.