中国国家博物馆藏毛利羽毛斗篷研究

Maori Feather Cloak in the National Museum of China

斗篷是新西兰毛利人最主要的服装,被毛利人视为宝物,是当今毛利民族身份认同的重要标志之一,在毛利文化乃至整个新西兰文化中都扮演着令人瞩目的角色。1957年10月1日,新中国成立八周年之际,新西兰第五任毛利国王考洛基委托新西兰毛利族女电影制作人拉迈?海伍德与其丈夫将一件特别制作的羽毛斗篷赠送给毛泽东主席。它寄寓了毛利国王对中国领导人的美好祝福,更展现出新西兰原住民独具魅力的文化传统,为我们感知和了解异域文化提供了一个窗口。这件毛利羽毛斗篷现珍藏于中国国家博物馆。本文将以它为原点,在阐明其由来和基本概况后,讲述毛利人传统斗篷的精心选料、繁复制作工艺、主要种类、特殊意义和曲折而艰难的传承。探究过程必然涉及毛利人的历史、所处地理环境、风土人情、传统习俗、宗教信仰和价值观念等。由此,毛利人的传统斗篷文化得以全面地展示,也使人们认识到这件羽毛斗篷的弥足珍贵和重要意义。

For the Maori people, cloak is more than a garment. It is a Maori treasure and pride of their ethnic identity. Therefore, cloaks are important cultural symbols in the Maori community and in New Zealand. On 1 October 1957, when the People＇s Republic of China was celebrating its eighth anniversary, a New Zealand filmmaker of Maori origin, Ramai Hayward, and her husband presented a specially made feather cloak from King Koroki, the fifth Maori king in New Zealand, to Chairman Mao Zedong. Through this precious gift, the Maori king expressed good wishes for the Chinese leader. The cloak, now in the National Museum of China, is a vehicle of the unique cultural traditions of the first people of New Zealand. The current author gives information about its origin and condition and describes the process of making a traditional Maori cloak, selection of materials, techniques, typology, significance and protection of cultural heritage. The history, geographical conditions, customs, religion and beliefs of the Maori people have been discussed as well.