台湾客家移民中的汀州客及漳州客、潮州客问题

Taiwan Hakka Migrants from Tingzhou, Zhangzhou and Chaozhou

海峡两岸关于清代闽粤移民台湾的文献和文物、口碑资料表明,对台湾开发做出重要贡献的汀州客以永定、武平、上杭三县为多;而漳州属下南靖、平和、云霄、诏安诸县西部山区乡镇多为客家人聚居区,他们在台湾的漳籍移民中占了很高的比例,但不能盲目地把漳籍移民都称为客家人;至于潮州籍移民,现在台湾地区有些学者都视之为客家人,那也是片面的。台湾潮籍移民中客家、福佬兼有,他们都信奉三山国王,但若把三山国王庙作为追寻和判断早期移台的潮州移民的族群属性,即所谓"客家索引",难免出现差错。

Literature, cultural relics, and unwritten materials across the Taiwan Strait about the migrants from Fujian and Guang-dong provinces to Taiwan in the Qing Dynasty show that the Hakka migrants made important contributions to the development ofTaiwan and among them, those from Tingzhou were mainly from Yongding, Wuping and Shanghang counties; those fromZhangzhou were mainly from Nanjing, Pinghe, Yunxiao and Zhao＇ an counties which were heavily populated by hakkas. However,it is unreasonable to claim that all the migrants from Zhangzhou were Hakkas. As for migrants from Chaozhou, some scholars inTaiwan consider them to be hakkas but it is one-sided.