云南地方稻种籼粳亚种的生态群分类及其地理生态分布

Geographical Distribution and Cline Classification of Indica/Japonica Subspecies of Yunnan Local Rice Resources

用程－王分类体系对云南收集保存的地方稻种资源进行系统分类和遗传变异研究表明：（１）云 南是中国稻种最大的遗传多样化中心和优异种质的富集地区及其天然宝库，受中国与南亚两个稻种独 立起源中心的强烈影响，因而形成了云南尤其是滇西南稻种资源类型的多样性举世瞩目。（２）云南地 方稻种分为籼粳２个亚种及其６大生态群，其中热带粳稻、光壳粳群和普通粳群分别占云南地方稻种 的３．６％、１８．１％３２．１％；早中籼群、晚籼群和冬籼群分别占云南地方稻种的２．１％、４３．９％、０．２％。 （３）六大生态群的平均多样指数依次为热带粳稻（１．２３１９）＞晚籼群（１．１７３８）＞普通粳群（１．１７２６）＞光 壳群（１．１６１８）＞早中籼群（１．１３７１）＞冬籼群（０．９８８９）；其地理生态分布与海拔、纬度密切相关。

System Classification and genetic variation in Yunnan local rice resources were carried out by the cline classification of Cheng-Wang. The result showed that: (1) Yunnan is the most center of genetic diversity for Chinese cultivated rice and the central region and natural treasurehouse of good resources in China. It become the focus of world attention that the diversity of local rice type in Yunnan especially southwest, and strongly influenced by two centers of origion of China and South Asia cultivated rice. (2) Yunnan local rice including six elmes of two subspecies. Javanica, Nuda and Communis of Yunnan local rice resources account for 3. 6%, 18. 1 % and 32. 1 %, respectively ; Early-mid indica, Late indica and Winter indica of them account for 2. 1 %, 43. 9% and 0. 2%, respectively. (3) Average diversity index of six ecological groups in turn are Javanica(1. 2319)>Late indica (1. 1738) >Communis (1. 1726) > Nuda (1. 1618) >Early-mid indica (1. 1371 ) >Winter indica (0. 9889), their geographical distribution are closely related with elevation and latitude.