高氨氮废水的亚硝化调控因素研究

Research on Control Parameters for Partial Nitrification of Wastewater with High Ammonia Nitrogen

为进一步缩短亚硝化的启动时间，提高亚硝化速率，采用SBR反应器进行了快速实现高氨氮废水的亚硝化调控因素研究。结果表明：综合优化各影响因素如温度、pH值、DO、FA是缩短亚硝化启动时间的关键，pH值和DO的调控是准确把握反应进程，获得较高出水NO2^--N浓度的关键因素，适宜的温度与pH值可弥补低DO对亚硝化速率的负面影响，并且促进氨氧化菌（AOB）快速适应低DO浓度；在温度为30℃、pH值为8．0±0．2、DO为0．5～1．0mg／L、进水氨氮负荷（ALR）为143mg／（L·d）的条件下，启动亚硝化只需8d；进水ALR达1716mg／（L·d），氨氮转化率高达94％以上，亚硝化率也基本稳定在90％以上，出水NO2^--N高达920～1080mg／L，亚硝化速率达1．1～1．2kg／（m^3·d），具有较高的氨氮负荷和亚硝化活性。

To shorten the star-up time of partial nitrification and improve the reaction rate, the control parameters for partial nitrification were investigated in sequencing batch reactor （SBR） to treat wastewater with high ammonia nitrogen. The results showed that the key to shorten the star-up time of partial nitrification was integrated optimization of various influencing factors, such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen （DO） and free ammonia （FA）. Controls of pH and DO were critical to know the reaction process accurately and achieve the maximum effluent NO2 -N concentration. Appropriate temperature and pH could compensate for negative effect of low DO on the partial nitrification rate and help the ammonia oxidizing bacteria （AOB） adapt to low DO environment quickly. It only took 8 days to achieve partial nitrification successfully at temperature of 30 ℃, pH of 8.0 ± 0.2, DO of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L and influent ammonia nitrogen loading rate （ALR） of 143 mg/（ L · d）. The influent ALR reached 1 716 mg/ （L · d） , ammonia nitrogen conversion percentage was above 94% , and the partial nitrification efficiency was stabilized at above 90% basically. The effluent NO2^- - N concentration was up to 920 to 1 080 mg/L, and the partial nitrification rate was 1.1 to 1.2 kg/（m^3 · d）. The reactor showed a high ammonia nitrogen loading capacity and a high partial nitrification rate.