中国打击恐怖活动犯罪的刑事立法完善

Perfection of Criminal Legislation against Terrorists' Activity in China

全国人大常委会于2011年10月通过的《关于加强反恐怖工作有关问题的决定》对恐怖活动的定义进行了明确,并对恐怖活动组织及恐怖活动人员的认定机关及相关工作程序等问题进行了明确。但是,该决定对恐怖活动的定义过于宽泛,不利于集中打击对中国国家安全构成重大威胁的基于民族分裂主义和宗教极端主义产生的恐怖活动犯罪。而且,中国刑法没有关于恐怖活动犯罪刑罚的特殊规定,不利于实现惩处此类犯罪罪刑相适应原则的实现。为此,要通过立法完善刑法相关规定:第一,建议修改刑事立法,对恐怖活动犯罪作狭义规定,并将其界定为危害国家安全犯罪下的一类犯罪。第二,全面完善恐怖活动犯罪刑罚规定,对恐怖活动犯罪全面适用剥夺政治权利、财产刑和比客观表现相同的普通刑事犯罪更重的刑罚,并考虑设立不得减刑、假释的无期徒刑(终身监禁)刑罚制度。

The Standing Committee of the National People＇s Congress of China has passed Decision on Issues of Enhancing Antiterrorism in October 2011, which defines certain terrorist activities. However, this definition is a little too broad, and not helpful for focusing on striking the current foremost terrorist activities with national secessionism and religious extremism, which is the overriding threat to our national security. And there is no special provision of criminal punishment on such activities that are prejudiced to the implementation of the principle that the punishment should commensurate with the crime. It is suggested that the related provisions should be provided through legislation. First, it should make a narrow definition of terrorist activity through amending current criminal legislation, and define it as a grade of crime under the crime of jeopardizing national security. Second, it should fulfill overall criminal provision against terrorist activity, dramatically implementing the more serious punishment, such as the deprivation of political right, and establishing penalty of life imprison which can not be commuted and the criminal thereof can not be released on parole.