中美科技人才交流形势分析与对策

Situation Analysis of Sino-US Scientific and Technological Personnel Exchanges

科技合作已成为中美在新时期探索建立新型大国关系的重要组成部分。分析了科技人才交流含义,提出了包括科技人力资源对比、科技人才流动性、科技与政策环境和交流成果4个要素在内的科技人才交流定性衡量指标框架。基于该框架对比分析了中美科技人才交流中的形势,进而在主导力量、交流现状、流动趋势和制度障碍层面得出了中美科技人才交流的4个基本判断,并对进一步促进中美科技人才交流提出了对策建议。

Sino-US scientific and technological cooperation has become an important part to explore the establishment of the new power relations in the new era .The situation of Scientific and technological personnel exchanges are the important ex-ternal manifestations of the technological cooperation and competition between the two countries ,and can be of great signif-icance to the study of bilateral scientific and technological strength ,technological innovation policy and bilateral relations . In This paper ,the concept of the scientific and technological personnel exchanges is analyzed .An indicator framework with four elements including total HRST resources ,and exchange fruits is also introduced ,which can be considered as a qualita-tive measure of the situation of scientific and technological personnel exchanges .And based on the framework ,four basic judgments related with position ,status ,current trends and institutional barriers are obtained via a series of data and case studies .Finally ,several policy recommendations are proposed to promote the Sino-US scientific and technological person-nel exchanges .