水通道蛋白与肿瘤的关系

The Relationship between Aquaporins and Tumor

水通道蛋白(AQP)是一组孔形膜内在蛋白家族,分子量为24~30 kDa。AQP单体由6个跨膜螺旋(Ⅰ~Ⅵ)和5个(A^E)连接螺旋的环构成,并以四聚体的形式存在细胞膜上,每个蛋白单体都是一个独立功能单元。四聚体中央形成的第五孔道同样具有转运功能。AQP在水及其他小分子物质的易化转运中发挥了重要作用。在CO2、NH3等一些挥发性物质的跨膜转运中,发挥了易化作用。AQP对肿瘤细胞迁徙、增殖具有重要影响。在肿瘤的诊断治疗中,AQP疗法可能会发挥重要作用。本文对AQP的命名和分类及结构、甘油通道蛋白AQP 3与癌症的细胞增殖关系及AQP在肿瘤诊断治疗中的地位和可能趋势进行综述。

The aquaporins（ AQP） are a family of hole shaped membrane proteins,molecular weight are 24 ～ 30 kDa. The AQP monomer consists of six transmembrane helices（ Ⅰ ～ Ⅵ） and five loops（ A ～ E）,and exists on the cell membrane as a tetramer. AQP monomer is a stand- alone unit of functionality. The fifth channel of the central of tetramer also have a transport function. AQP plays an easy transit role that selectively allow water or other small uncharged molecules to pass along the osmotic gradient. In addition,some AQP also facilitate the transport of volatile substances,such as carbon dioxide（ CO 2） and ammonia（ NH 3）. The AQP have a significant impact on tumor cell migration and proliferation. In the diagnosis and treatment of tumor,AQP therapy is likely to play an important role. The AQP nomenclature and classification and structure,glycerol channel protein AQP 3 and cancer cell proliferation is closely related to and AQP in tumor diagnosis and treatment status and trends are reviewed.