成都农村社区纯务农居民高血压及其影响因素调查研究

Study on the Prevalence and Its Risk Factors for Hypertension in Rural Areas in Chengdu

目的调查成都农村社区纯务农居民高血压患病情况及其相关影响因素。方法 2010年2—10月采取整群抽样方法抽取距离成都市市中心100公里外的某农村社区（乡镇）35~70岁纯务农居民1 017例。采用问卷（年龄、性别、受教育程度、吸烟史、饮酒史、现患疾病）、体格检查〔血压、心率、身高、体质量、腰围、臀围,计算腰臀比（WHR）和体质指数（BMI）〕及实验室检查〔血糖、尿酸、血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）〕方法进行调查。采用多因素Logistic回归法分析高血压影响因素。结果 1 017例农村纯务农居民中患高血压230例（女138例、男92例）,患病率为22.6%,人口标准化后患病率为24.9%。女性与男性高血压患病率分别为23.5%（138/586）和21.3%（92/431）,标准化后患病率分别为22.9%和26.6%,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1.400,P=0.237）。农村男性与女性高血压患病率随年龄增加而增加（χ^2趋势=26.653、55.444,P〈0.05）。农村女性高血压患者TC、LDL-C、尿酸水平及吸烟史、饮酒史、受教育程度分布情况与农村男性比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。年龄〔OR（95%CI）=1.086（1.066,1.105）〕、TC〔OR（95%CI）=1.303（1.048,1.622）〕、尿酸〔OR（95%CI）=1.025（1.009,1.041）〕是成都农村社区纯务农居民高血压的独立危险因素（P〈0.05）;而受教育程度高〔OR（95%CI）=0.625（0.463,0.845）〕是成都农村社区纯务农居民高血压的保护因素（P〈0.05）。结论农村人群高血压患病率较高,并随年龄增加而增加,年龄、TC、尿酸是成都农村社区纯务农居民高血压的独立危险因素,而受教育程度高是其保护因素,为制定有效的高血压预防措施提供了参考依据。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension of pure peasants and its risk factors in rural areas in Chengdu.Methods Randomly cluster sampled method was used to choose 1 017 peasant patients between 35-70 years of age from rural communities that were 100 kilometers away from Chengdu city center in 2010 from February to October.They were investigated about age,gender,educational background,smoking history,drinking history and present diseases using questionnaires and blood pressure,heart rate,height,body mass,waist circumference,hip circumference,WHR and BMI by physical examination;blood sugar,uric acid,TC,TG,HDL-C and LDL-C by laboratory tests.Logistic regression model was used to define the risk factors of hypertension.Results 230 cases among the subjects under investigation had high blood pressure（female 138,male 92） and the prevalence rate was 22.6%;the overall standardized prevalence rate of hypertension in rural was 24.9%,male and female prevalence rate of hypertension were 23.5%（138 /586） and 21.3%（92 /431） respectively;the overall standardized rates were 22.9% and 26.6% respectively,no statistical difference（χ^2= 1.400,P = 0.237）.The hypertension prevalence rate of males and females was increased with ages（χ^2 trend= 26.653、55.444,P〈0.05）.The differences in TC,LDL-C and uric acid level,smoking history,drinking history and education background between males and females were significant（P〈0.05）.Age 〔OR（95% CI） = 1.086（1.066,1.105） 〕,TC 〔OR（95% CI） = 1.303（1.048,1.622） 〕,uric acid 〔OR（95% CI） = 1.025（1.009,1.041） 〕were the independent risk factor for pure peasant hypertensions（P〈0.05）,while the educational background 〔OR（95% CI） = 0.625（0.463,0.845） 〕was the protective factor（P〈0.05）.Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in rural area is high and is increasing with age.Age,TC,uric acid were the independent risk factors,while educational degree is the protective factor.These findings provide a basis for the making of effective preventive measures.