职业相关因素对深圳市女性外来务工者健康的影响调查研究

Influence of Occupation- related Factors on Shenzhen Female Migrant Workers' Health

目的采用SF-36健康调查量表调查深圳市女性外来务工者的健康状况,探讨职业相关因素对其生理健康及心理健康的影响。方法采用相关职业情况问卷和SF-36健康调查量表,于2012年9—12月按照分层随机抽样的方法对深圳市两大型企业(员工达4 000人以上)的非深圳市户口、工作达3个月以上的女性员工1 802人进行调查。比较不同职业相关因素的深圳市女性外来务工者SF-36健康调查量表各维度得分,采用多元线性逐步回归分析深圳市女性外来务工者职业相关因素与总的生理健康评分(PCS)、总的心理健康评分(MCS)的相关性。结果 SF-36健康调查量表得分排在第一位的是生理机能,第二位的是肌体疼痛,最低的是活力和情感职能。不同上班形式的深圳市女性外来务工者肌体疼痛、总体健康及PCS得分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同工作年限的深圳市女性外来务工者总体健康得分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同加班时长的深圳市女性外来务工者总体健康、活力、社会功能、情感职能、PCS、MCS得分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同工种的深圳市女性外来务工者生理机能、总体健康、活力、社会功能、情感职能、PCS、MCS得分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同可能接触职业危害情况的深圳市女性外来务工者生理机能、总体健康、活力、社会功能、情感职能、心理卫生、MCS得分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,工种进入回归方程〔PCS与工种的相关性:Y=49.842+0.034X,β=0.119,t=4.514,P=0.000;MCS与工种的相关性:Y=50.027+0.025X,β=0.064,t=2.402,P=0.016〕。结论工种是深圳市女性外来务工者生理健康和心理健康的主要影响因素,不同上班形式、工作年限、加班时长、可能接触职业危害对深圳市女性外来务工者健康的不同维度有影响,政府和企业应针对职业相关因素采取措施,最大限度地有益于女性外来务工者的健康。

Objective To measure the Shenzhen female migrant workers＇ health status,to explore the effect of occupation- related factors on Shenzhen female migrant workers＇ health by using SF- 36 scale.Methods A total of 1 802 female workers（working over three months without Shenzhen residence account） from two large enterprises（with employees over 4 000） from September to December 2012 were surveyed with the method of random sampling by using occupation questionnaire and SF- 36 health scale.The scores of different occupation- related factors in the SF- 36 scale were compared.Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between occupation- related factors and PCS,MCS.Results As for the SF- 36 health scale,the scores of physiological function ranked first,and body aches the second,with vitality and emotional function being the lowest score.Body aches,overall health and PCS scores of female workers having different working styles showed statistically significant differences（P〈0.05）.The overall health of female workers with different work seniority showed statistically significant difference（P〈0.05）.The overall health,vitality,social function,emotional function,PCS and MCS of female workers with different overtime hours showed statistically significant differences（P〈0.05）.The physiological function,overall health,vitality,social function,emotional function,PCS and MCS of female workers with different type of work showed statistically significant differences（P〈0.05）.The physiological function,overall health,vitality,social function,emotional function,mental health and MCS of female workers with different possibility of contacting occupational hazard showed statistically significant differences（P〈0.05）.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that type of work was the main factor influencing the PCS and MCS〔Y = 49.842 ＋ 0.034X,β = 0.119,t = 4.514,P = 0.000;Y = 50.027 ＋ 0.025X,β = 0.064,t = 2.402,P = 0.016〕.Conclusion Type of work is the main factor influencing the physical health and mental health of Shenzhen migrant female workers.Different working style,work seniority,working overtime and contacting occupation hazards have some influence on different dimensions of health of Shenzhen migrant female workers,and government and enterprises should take measures against the occupation- related factors to benefit the health of female migrant workers.