德、澳、日三国职业教育特色及其对我国高等职业教育改革的启示

On Features of Higher Vocational Education System in Germany, Australia and Japan and Their Experiences Useful to Chinese Higher Vocational Colleges

高等职业教育如何适应经济发展的转型升级是摆在我们面前的重大课题。通过对德、澳、日三国职业教育特色的比较研究,结合我国高等职业教育的改革发展,提出三点启示:借鉴德国双元制经验,加强企业与职业院校间横向沟通;借鉴澳大利亚TAFE学院灵活的教育管理机制,允许职业院校之间的学分互通和学生对技能与职业的选择、普教与职教之间的自由转换;借鉴日本专门学院的职业教育制度及国家职业资格鉴定制度,从国家层面建立适应市场需求的技能认定机制。

With the development of society and economy and deepening of reform, higher vocational colleges in China are faced with challenges in economic transition. Comparative studies on the characteristics of education in Germany, Australia and Japan are made. The reform of higher vocational education in China is examined. Based on the analyses, the paper suggests that higher vocational colleges in China learn the experience of Germany with Dual System and strengthen horizontal connection between enterprises and vocational schools; they draw on the experience of Australian TAFE colleges with flexible education management that allows credit interoperability between vocational schools and switch between choices of different skills and careers and that of general education and vocational education; they learn from Japanese vocational education system and the national vocational qualification system in Japan and establish skills accreditation mechanism which is adaptable to market needs from the national level.