肠道菌群与炎症性肠病

The gut microbial flora and inflammatory bowel diseases

炎症性肠病(IBD)是发生于胃肠道的慢性复发性疾病,克罗恩病(CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(UC)为其两种主要表现形式,其致病因素及发病机制至今尚未完全阐明,但目前普遍认为IBD是由遗传因素、免疫功能紊乱、肠道屏障功能障碍和肠道菌群改变等多因素所致。随着16S rRNA基因检测技术的应用及肠道微生物宏基因组学计划的开展,人们对肠道微生物——"被遗忘的器官"有了更深刻的认识,其在IBD中的重要作用也逐渐被重视。研究认为IBD患者中宿主与肠道微生物之间精确的平衡关系被打破,从而触发了基因易感个体的免疫炎症反应。因此,调节肠道菌群紊乱,恢复宿主与肠道微生物之间的稳态成为治疗IBD的一个新方向。本文就IBD患者中存在的肠道菌群紊乱现象、其与IBD发病的关系以及微生态制剂在IBD治疗中的应用做一简要综述。

Inflammatory bowel diseases （IBD） are chronic diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract, whose major forms are represented by Crohn’s disease （CD） and ulcerative colitis （UC）. Their etiologies and pathogenesises are still unclear. Currently, it is generally believed that IBD is caused by composite factors, such as genetic factors, immune dysfunction, intestinal barrier dysfunction, intestinal flora and so on. Among these, the role of the “forgotten organ”, gut microbiota, has become more appreciated in recent years. The delicate symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiota and the host appears to be lost in IBD. In this perspective, several studies have been conducted to assess the role of prebiotics and probiotics in gut microbiota modulation. The alteration of the intestinal flora and its relationship between the pathogenesis of IBD, and the efficacy of gut microbiota modulation by prebiotics and probiotics administration in the management of IBD were reviewed in this paper.