贵州草海底泥-上覆水中氮磷含量时空分布特征

Seasonal and vertical distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus content in the sediment and overlying water of Caohai in Guizhou

为促进贵州高原湿地草海的可持续发展,改善草海水环境状况,恢复草海保护区的湿地功能,研究了草海在丰水期和枯水期的底泥及上覆水的氮磷时间和空间分布特征,并以《地表水环境质量标准》作为评价依据对草海水质进行评价。结果表明,两个时期草海底泥TN和TP呈现中等程度的空间变异性。丰水期草海底泥TN的空间特征是S区>N区>E区,丰水期和枯水期底泥碱解氮含量为S区>N区>E区;丰水期底泥有效磷含量分布规律为E区>N区>S区,枯水期底泥有效磷含量为E区>S区>N区。丰水期和枯水期草海底泥TN、碱解氮含量由南至北逐渐升高,西至东逐渐升高。草海的东水域区的各项指标数值都比西水域区高。草海底泥及上覆水中主要是草海周边农田化肥、周边村落畜禽养殖所产生的粪尿和居民的生活污水。应重视农业生产中对废弃物和废水排放量的限制。

To promote the sustainable development of plateau wetland of Caohai in Guizhou, to improve the environment of Caohai, to restore the function of wetland of reserve area in Caohai, studied the seasonal and vertical distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment and overlying water in the wet period and dry period,and evaluated the water quality in Caohai according to the standard of surface water environmental quality. The results showed that, the spatial variability of TN and TP in sediment of the two periods was moderate degree. The spatial characteristics of TN in sediment in abundant water period was S areaN areaE area, the content of alkali-hydrolyzed N of sediment in high and low water periods was S area E area N area; the distribution characteristics of available phosphorus in sediment in wet period was E areaS areaN area, the distribution characteristics of available phosphorus in sediment in dry period was E areaN areaS area. The content of TN and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in sediment increased gradually from south to north when in wet and dry water periods, increased gradually form west to east. The value of numerical indicators of east water district in Caohai was high than those of the west water districting. The pollution source of sediment and overlying water was mainly the farmland fertilizer in Caohai surrounding, the generated wastes of breeding of livestock and poultry in surrounding villages and living sewage. Attention should be paid to limit the emissions of waste and wastewater in the agricultural production.