俄语成语中观念词“醉酒”的语言文化分析

Linguistic and Cultural Analysis of the Conceptive Word "Drunkenness" in Russian Idioms

俄罗斯历史悠久的酒文化使俄语中反映"醉酒"观念的成语表述数量颇丰。在语法和词汇构成方面,这些成语语义结构模式多有相近之处,词汇构成上多行业词汇、方言词、外来词以及具有宗教神话背景的词汇。从文化观念方面讲,此类成语反映了酷爱饮酒的俄罗斯人明知醉酒的后果与危害,仍酗酒成性、并引以为乐的文化观念与取向。同时,此类成语所蕴含的细致而丰富的语义和文化背景对俄语成语的学习者、翻译者和教学者提出了较高的要求。

There are a large number of idioms reflecting the concept of ＂drunkenness＂ in Russian language on account of the long history of wine culture in Russia. When it comes to grammar and vocabulary formation, similar semantic structural pat- terns can be found in these idioms. Occupational words, dialects, loanwords, religious and mythical words play a significant part in the vocabulary formation of these idioms. On the front of cultural concept, these idioms reflect Russian cultural con- cepts and orientation of excessive fondness for alcoholic intemperance in spite of knowing the harmfulness of drunkenness. Meanwhile, the diverse and complicated semantics and cultural background of these idioms demand professional competence of learners, translators and teachers of Russian idioms.