基于HAZOP和LOPA半定量风险评估方法的研究与应用

Study and Application of the Semi-quantitative Risk Assessment Method Based on HAZOP and LOPA

HAZOP和LOPA方法是一种新型的半定量的风险评估方法,该方法在炼化装置风险评估中逐步得到了广泛应用。本文在分析HAZOP和LOPA两种分析方法相结合的机理的基础上,概述了HAZOP和LOPA方法的分析步骤,并通过典型炼油装置危险分析实例,详细研究了HAZOP和LOPA方法的应用过程。HAZOP和LOPA方法在分析过程中,首先由传统HAZOP方法分析识别出复杂事故场景,然后再进一步利用LOPA方法有效半定量风险评估识别危险源和保护层,并对现有保护层可靠性进行量化评估,确定事故场景的固有风险和剩余风险,从而提高了装置工艺危险分析过程的客观性、准确性和科学性,可为企业安全风险管理提供依据。

HAZOP/LOPA analytical method is a new semi-quantitative risk assessment method, which has been gradually applied to the risk assessment of refining device. This paper introduces HAZOP and LOPA analytical methods, analyzes the integrated mechanism of the two analytical methods, and describes the ana lytical steps of the integrated method,and then takes the hazard analysis of a typical oil refining device as the example to research the application process of the HAZOP/LOPA method in detail. In the process of the HAZOP/LOPA analysis,LOPA method can deeply analyze the complex accident scene which has been identified by the traditional HAZOP method, identify the hazard and protective layer effectively, make a quantitative assessment on the reliability of the existing protective layer and determine the inherent risk and residual risk of the accident scene, so this method improves the objectivity, accuracy and scientificalness of the process in the hazard analysis.