野生和栽培芝麻种子品质性状及近红外光谱分析

Quality Characters and Near Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Species of Sesame Seed

为进一步开发利用野生芝麻种质资源,分析了野生种和栽培种芝麻种子品质性状及其近红外光谱图的异同.结果表明：野生种和栽培种芝麻品质性状差异较大,聚类分析可以明显分为2个类群.方差分析表明,供试材料中野生种芝麻的蛋白质含量、含油量和油酸含量均极显著低于栽培种芝麻,硬脂酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸和芝麻酚林含量均极显著高于栽培种芝麻,但芝麻棕榈酸和芝麻素含量与栽培种差异不显著.近红外光谱分析表明,野生种和栽培种芝麻的近红外光谱图十分相似,但在波长960～1 040 nm、1 140～1 250 nm和1 440～1 500 nm各自存在特征峰.野生种和栽培种种子化学组成差异较大,利用近红外光谱分析技术可以鉴别栽培种和野生种芝麻.

To exploit the wild sesame germplasm resources,the quality characters and near infrared spectroscopy（NIR） of wild sesame were analyzed and compared with the cultivated species in this study.The results showed that quality traits were significantly different between the wild and cultivated sesame seeds,which could be divided into two groups by cluster analysis.A one-way ANOVA showed that the protein,oil and oleic acid contents of the wild sesame were significantly lower than those of the cultivated sesame（P〈0.01）,and the contents of stearic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,arachidonic acid and sesamolin of the wild seasame were significantly higher than those of the cultivated sesame（P〈0.01）,but no significant differences werefound among the contents of palmitic acid and sesamin.The near infrared analysis results showed that the wild and cultivated sesames presented similar NIR absorption peaks.However,the intensity and the location of these absorption peaks were different in the regions of 960-1 040 nm,1 140-1 250 nm and 1 440-1 500 nm.The chemical composition of wild and cultivated sesames was quite different,and the NIR analysis technique may be feasible to identify wild and cultivated sesames.