2010～2012年黔南州免疫规划疫苗针对呼吸道传染病控制效果分析

Control Effect of EPI Vaccines Targeted Respiratory Diseases during 2010～2012 in Qiannan

目的：描述与分析黔南州2010～2012年免疫规划疫苗针对呼吸道传染病报告发生数与变化趋势，为辖区的国家扩大免疫规划工作效果提供评价依据。方法：收集全州2010～2012年免疫规划疫苗针对呼吸道传染病疫情资料和专题调查报告，应用流行病学方法与统计学方法进行分析和统计处理。结果：2010—2012年三年间，黔南州共报告发生4种免疫规划疫苗针对呼吸道传染病3294例，年平均发病率26．14／10万。按照发病数及年均发病率依次为流行性腮腺炎2898例，23．00／10万；风疹377例，2．99／10万；麻疹18例0．14／10万；流行性脑脊髓膜炎1例，0．007／10万。各年间发病报告数差别较大，显示不同年份发生强度不尽相同，但总的趋势呈递减走向。结论：黔南州免疫规划疫苗针对4种呼吸道传染病的控制效果不同。麻疹的病例报告率三年间波动范围仅限于0．12／10万-0．17／10万之间，流行类型为散在发生，发生数呈逐年小幅递减。流行性腮腺炎与风疹病例报告率三年间波动范围在14．00／10万-36．38／10万之间，流行类型常以暴发出现，各年间发生数变化很大，控制效果较差。流行性脑脊髓膜炎三年间仅在散居儿童中发生1例，控制效果明显。

Objective： Occurrence and variation trends of EPI vaccines targeted respiratory infectious diseases in Qiannan from 2010 to 2012 were described and analyzed, to provide reference for assessment of the effect of national EPI work. Methods： Epidemiological data and thematic survey reports of the statewide immunization program of vaccine against respiratory infectious diseases from 2010 to 2012 were collected, and analyzed and statistically processed using epidemiological methods and statistical methods. Results： During 2010 -2012, 3, 294 cases of 4 EPI vaccines targeted respiratory infections were reported in Qiannan, with an average annual incidence rate of 26. 14/100, 000. The ranking according to the average annual number of in- cidence and prevalence was 2, 898 cases of mumps （23.00/100, 000） , 377 eases of rubella （2.99/100, 000）, 18 cases of measles （0. 14/100, 000）, and 1 case of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis （0. 007 / 100, 000）. There was big difference among the number of cases reported each year, indicating the different occurrence intensity, but the overall trend was a continuous decrease. Conclusion： The control effect of the immunization program for the 4 vaccines targeted respiratory diseases in Qianzhou was different. The case noti- fication rates of measles during the three years fluctuated only within the range of 0. 12 to 0. 17/100, 000, theepidemiological type was scattered, and the occurrence was gradually diminishing. The case notification rates of mumps and rubella during the three years showed fluctuations between 14. 00 and 36. 38/100, 000, and the epidemiological type was often outbreaks, showing significant difference in the occurrence among years, which indicated that the control effect was poor. Only 1 case of meningococcal meningitis occurred during the three years in the scattered children, showing obvious control effect.