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脊髓损伤后神经功能可塑性机制及影响因素 被引量:3

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摘要 脊髓损伤又简称 SCI,是一种较为严重的神经损伤疾病,该病常会导致创伤部位组织的感觉和运动功能部分或完全丧失,对患者的日常生活造成严重的影响,进而给家庭及社会带来沉重的负担。中枢神经系统的轴突是由分化较为成熟的神经细胞构成,其自发性再生能力较差,且一旦遭遇创伤就会使得损伤的神经组织难以恢复,因此,脊髓损伤后神经恢复及功能恢复是近些年来神经科学中的研究难点。随着人们对中枢神经系统的研究不断深入,逐渐改变了对中枢神经原有的观点和看法,并认为人体的神经中枢系统具有一定程度的可塑性,在遭遇损伤或者环境变迁时,会本能体现适应和调节的能力,借助未损伤的轴突及神经元发芽和遭遇创伤而丢失神经支配的组织重新搭建新的神经环路等方式来代替原有已经损伤的神经组织,这对恢复损伤部位的运动功能和感知功能有着极为明显的促进作用,这就是神经可塑性。然而,人和动物的中枢神经系统生长到一定阶段,轴突的延长能力和再生能力都会受到生物生长规律的限制,因此,如何将未损伤的神经可塑性性能提高就成了治疗脊髓损伤患者的关键,现综述如下。
出处 《临床合理用药杂志》 2014年第14期179-180,共2页 Chinese Journal of Clinical Rational Drug Use
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