蔬菜全程机械化研究现状与对策

Vegetables full-mechanization research present situation and the countermeasures

我国是世界蔬菜生产大国,叶菜类蔬菜约占我国蔬菜种植面积的1/3。目前,蔬菜田间耕整、播种、移栽、田间管理、土肥水管理、配套设施农业装备技术较为成熟,而影响制约蔬菜全程机械化进程主要成在以下几个方面:劳动力紧缺、收获机械化水平低、小型多功能收获机具欠缺。本文以国内外蔬菜全程机械化现状为主线,论述蔬菜生产的主要环节、难点技术、共性问题及对收获机械化的技术分析,在分析现状与存在问题的基础上,结合国内外蔬菜生产机具发展模式与经验,提出蔬菜生产机械装备和技术的发展对策。

China is one of the world＇ s main vegetable production countries, leaf vegetables account for about one third of the vegetable production in China. Now, vegetable field plowing, sow, transplant, field management, management of soil, fertilizer and water, facilities agricultural equipment technology are all to be mature. Restraining the Leaf vegetables full mechanization process is mainly in the following aspects： labor shortages, low-level harvest mechanization, lacking of small multi-function harvest machine. In this paper, we use vegetables full mechanization current situation as the main stain, Discuss the major procedure, technological requirements of mechanization and so on. Based on analyzing the present situation and problems, combined with the advanced experiences of the international vegetable production equipment, we brought forward the development countermeasures for mechanical equipments and technology in vegetable production.